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by Lee Ann Obringer

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Obringer, Lee Ann.  "How the Fed Works"  02 May 2002.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://money.howstuffworks.com/fed.htm>  10 February 2012.
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What's the real story?

Stuff They Don't Want You to Know Videos »
Stuff They Don't Want You to Know Videos »
Inside this Article
  1. Introduction to How the Fed Works
  2. Why do we need the Fed?
  3. Inflation
  1. Recession
  2. Fed Tasks
  3. Fed Tasks: Monetary Policy
  4. See more »
    1. Fed Tasks: Financial Institution Regulator
    2. Fed Tasks: The Government's Bank
    3. The Fed Tool Box: The Reserve Requirement
    4. The Fed Tool Box: The Discount Rate
    5. The Fed Tool Box: Open Market Operations
    6. The Fed Setup: Decentralization & Board of Governors
    7. The Fed Setup: Directors, Regionals, FOMC
    8. Economic Indicators
    9. Economic Indicators: Leading, Coincident, Lagging
    10. How does the Fed support itself?
    11. Checks and Balances
    12. Lots More Information
    13. See all Economic Concepts articles

Lots More Information

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Inside this Article
  1. Introduction to How the Fed Works
  2. Why do we need the Fed?
  3. Inflation
  4. Recession
  5. Fed Tasks
  6. Fed Tasks: Monetary Policy
  7. Fed Tasks: Financial Institution Regulator
  8. Fed Tasks: The Government's Bank
  9. The Fed Tool Box: The Reserve Requirement
  10. The Fed Tool Box: The Discount Rate
  1. The Fed Tool Box: Open Market Operations
  2. The Fed Setup: Decentralization & Board of Governors
  3. The Fed Setup: Directors, Regionals, FOMC
  4. Economic Indicators
  5. Economic Indicators: Leading, Coincident, Lagging
  6. How does the Fed support itself?
  7. Checks and Balances
  8. Lots More Information
  9. See all Economic Concepts articles
Previous Page

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Prices: Federal Reserve Books

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    A History of the Federal Reserve, Vol. 1: 1913-1951

    Allan H. Meltzer's monumental history of the Federal Reserve System tells the story of one of America's most influential but least understood public institutions. This first volume covers the period from the Federal Reserve's founding in 1913 through the Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord of 1951, which marked the beginning of a larger and greatly changed institution.To understand why the Federal Reserve acted as it did at key points in its history, Meltzer draws on meeting minutes, correspondence, and other internal documents (many made public only during the 1970s) to trace the reasoning behind its policy decisions. He explains, for instance, why the Federal Reserve remained passive throughout most of the economic decline that led to the Great Depression, and how the Board's actions helped to produce the deep recession of 1937 and 1938. He also highlights the impact on the institution of individuals such as Benjamin Strong, governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the 1920s, who played a key role in the adoption of a more active monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Meltzer also examines the influence the Federal Reserve has had on international affairs, from attempts to build a new international financial system in the 1920s to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 that established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the failure of the London Economic Conference of 1933.Written by one of the world's leading economists, this magisterial biography of the Federal Reserve and the people who helped shape it will interest economists, central bankers, historians, political scientists, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deep understanding of the institution that controls America's purse strings."It was 'an unprecedented orgy of extravagance, a mania for speculation, overextended business in nearly all lines and in every section of the country.' An Alan Greenspan rumination about the irrational exuberance of the late 1990s? Try the 1920 annual report of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve. . . . To understand why the Fed acted as it did—at these critical moments and many others—would require years of study, poring over letters, the minutes of meetings and internal Fed documents. Such a task would naturally deter most scholars of economic history but not, thank goodness, Allan Meltzer."—Wall Street Journal"A seminal work that anyone interested in the inner workings of the U. S. central bank should read. A work that scholars will mine for years to come."—John M. Berry, Washington Post"An exceptionally clear story about why, as the ideas that actually informed policy evolved, things sometimes went well and sometimes went badly. . . . One can only hope that we do not have to wait too long for the second installment."—David Laidler, Journal of Economic Literature"A thorough narrative history of a high order. Meltzer's analysis is persuasive and acute. His work will stand for a generation as the benchmark history of the world's most powerful economic institution. It is an impressive, even awe-inspiring achievement."—Sir Howard Davies, Times Higher Education Supplement (20111107)

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    The Federal Reserve banking system was created in 1913 in an effort to bring coherence to nationwide banking practices and prevent crises like the financial panic of 1907. Since it began operating in 1914, the Federal Reserve has played a crucial role in determining American financial policy and practice. It is largely an entity unto itself, operating independently, rarely subject to the political machinations of Congress or the presidency. Yet few Americans know how it works, and even fewer know anything of its history. This history of the Federal Reserve begins by giving an overview of American banking practices before the Federal Reserve’s formation. The events leading to the Reserve’s creation, and its early trials and tribulations, are then documented. Subsequent chapters track the Federal Reserve’s history: its role during times of financial and military crisis, its relationship to each presidential administration, and the Fed’s evolution as its leadership has changed over the years. The history wraps up with the Alan Greenspan era, explaining major changes in the institution’s operating procedures since the 1980s. An appendix lists all members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, from its formation until 2003.

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