How WIC Works

Qualifying for WIC can be surprisingly easy. Many women have automatic income eligibility based on their participation in other programs that provide low-income assistance, such as Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Program (SNAP) or Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).

WIC also benefits people defined as being a nutrition risk. That definition must be provided by a health-care professional, and it essentially means that the person has either a medical or a dietary condition, such as anemia, a poor diet, low weight or a history of miscarriage. Agencies prioritize these people, as organizations sometimes don't have enough money to supply all eligible applicants with assistance. The most high-risk eligible applicants are served first.

All applicants enrolled in these programs must meet certain criteria and live in the state where they apply. The criteria typically hinge on income and target women who are at or below 185 percent of the federal poverty guideline, which is determined by the number of family members in a home and the amount of income brought into the home. For a family of four, that number was $41,348 through June 2012 [source: USDA Food & Nutrition Service].

Single mothers are eligible, as are single fathers with children under the age of 5 and grandparents who have custody or guardianship over eligible children.

A pregnant woman can receive benefits to keep herself healthy for the duration of her pregnancy. Once her child is born, if the woman is breastfeeding, she can continue to receive benefits for herself and her child for up to a year. Children can get benefits up until they reach 5, as long as the income qualifications remain the same. For mothers, after their child celebrates their first birthday, benefits are cut off.

The program urges women to breastfeed, and WIC provides breast pumps to women as a means to encourage them to continue breastfeeding once they return to school or work, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Statistics from the government agency show that infants who are not breastfed are more likely to suffer from infections and conditions like allergies, asthma and diabetes. Breastfeeding also may increase the bond between mother and child [source: USDA: Benefits and Services].

Next we'll take a look at the numbers. How many people get it, how many people could receive benefits and how much money is spent on the WIC program? Read more to find out.

The volume of people who are eligible for WIC benefits is staggering, as is the amount of money spent on the program throughout the years.

[source: WIC Numbers]

In 2003, more than 13,468,545 infants and children were eligible to participate in WIC but only 7,684,365 people actually did, according to the Food and Nutrition Service, which means that a little more than 57 percent of the people who were eligible to receive the benefits actually did.

According to a 2002 federal study, Hispanics made up the largest part of the ethnic groups receiving WIC (roughly 38 percent), followed by whites (36 percent), blacks (20 percent) and others: Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaskan Native(at 5 percent).

A report released in 2010 by the USDA said the Fiscal Year 2009 WIC budget was $6.86 billion and the Fiscal Year 2010 WIC budget was $7.25 billion [source: USDA]. In 2009, President Barack Obama proposed an additional $10 billion for child nutrition programs to be distributed over 10 years. The additional funding is aimed at ending childhood hunger, reducing childhood obesity and improving the diets of children [source: Concannon]. The additions to the budget were part of the president's goal of ending childhood hunger over a five-year period.

Over the years, there have been some changes to the WIC program. Keep reading to find out about scams involving the program and healthy new alternatives that have recently become available.

The Women, Infants and Children program has been in the news recently due to people gaming the system. The biggest scams perpetrated in the WIC program have to do with fraud.

In Cleveland, Ohio, a man was sentenced to federal prison for stealing millions of dollars worth of WIC money by fraudulently redeeming food stamp coupons and WIC vouchers [source: Byrne]. In Philadelphia, several people were arrested for creating fake WIC vouchers and stealing more than $375,000 of taxpayers' money [source: Odom]. And in New Jersey, a man was sentenced to prison after printing more than $1 million of WIC vouchers and selling them [source: Rispolo].

On the brighter side, the program recently had its first overhaul in 30 years, and now allows the purchase of not just milk and peanut butter, but also fruits, vegetables and whole-grain foods. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the new additions are not limited to fruits and veggies, but will also add soy beverages and tofu. In order to allow for the additions and not break the program budget, the amount of things like juice and cheese have been lowered, although the amount allowed is still in line with guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Supplements come in the form vouchers with a cash value of around $6 for each child and $10 for a breastfeeding mother [source: Koch].

See the links on the next page to feed your hunger for more information on the WIC program and other replated topics.