Prices: Income Tax Books

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  History of the Income Tax

  Taxes are a compulsory contribution individuals and/or businesses must make to the government. The primary purpose of a tax is to fund governmental activity, however, the purposes of governmental activities may be broadly defined. Along with funding the necessities of government, the purpose of taxation frequently expands to include economic and social objectives. Taxes may be used as a method for developing a strong, vibrant economy by fostering or limiting certain businesses, or they may be used as a means of redistributing wealth and encouraging social reform. Taxes have been a part of society from the time the first governments developed. Payment of animal skins to a chief, who could use the animal skins to buy weapons which he would use to supply warriors who would defend the village, was a type of primitive tax. Taxes have been used by governments to pay for public works, fund wars, control economies through tariffs on imports and exports, and, sadly, fill the coffers of rulers at the expense of the ruled. Some of the oldest records of civilization tell of taxes. The following examples are by no means complete but indicate how long taxes have been a part of people's economic lives: 2000 BC, clay records discovered in Iraq tell of onerous taxes. 1400 BC, Egyptian records detail subjects paying taxes to their Pharaoh. 600 BC, the first graduated income tax was in use in Greece. 300 BC, the Ptolemy dynasty of Egypt instituted various taxes, including tariffs on imports, poll taxes on salt, legal documents, sales and rental of goods, fees for grazing cattle on state land, and a tax on produce. 125 BC, tax collection in the Roman Empire is a well established system. 1050 AD, the story of Lady Godiva highlights a tax protest in England. 1427, income and property taxes are instituted in Florence, Italy. 1450, in Mexico taxes could be paid to the Aztec government in the form of exotic feathers. 1643, a faculty tax is adopted in New Plymouth, Massachusetts. A precursor of income taxes, a faculty tax was applied to a person's "faculties," his or her ability to earn income from property, trade, or a skill. In time most of the colonies were to establish faculty taxes. 1793, the first general income tax is established in France.

  $27.06

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  California Income Tax Manual (2009)

  CCH's California Income Tax Manual is a comprehensive, single-source guide to income taxes for individuals, businesses, and estates and trusts in California. It provides clear, straightforward guidance on complex issues and provides numerous examples, tips and suggestions to illustrate how to apply the California income tax law to taxpayer situations. The author, Kathleen Wright, is a well-known California practitioner, CPE presenter and Professor at California State University at Fullerton. This annually published resource is thoroughly tested and modified by classroom, CPE and consulting use feedback. The book describes and reflects new income tax developments, with an in-depth focus on the problem of conformity. California Income Tax Manual is presented in easy-to-read and easy-to-understand language and it focuses on the practical implications of the topics and concepts discussed, making it a great tool for reference, review and staff training on California income taxation. Important state tax issues, such as nexus, allocation and apportionment, and unitary group reporting (including combined reporting) all get substantial treatment in the book and special consideration is given to California rules that differ from federal rules throughout this extensive manual.

  $203.94

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  Income Tax Fundamentals, 2007 Edition

  INCOME TAX FUNDAMENTALS has led the market for more than twenty years with concise, practical, and current coverage of individual income tax preparation. Whittenburg and Altus-Buller's text/workbook format presents material in easy-to-digest sections with self-checks, online quizzes and activities, multiple examples, and review problems. Income Tax Fundamentals is the perfect text for a hands-on approach to tax in many class settings, including four-year colleges, community colleges, or career schools. This text is revised annually to reflect the current tax law. The purpose of the Whittenburg text is to teach the most important and practical areas of the tax law to students, using a building block approach, with feedback at the end of each section. By the end of the text, the student should be able to prepare a fairly difficult return containing many of the elements seen frequently by taxpayers and tax preparers.

  $170.06